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Copper |
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Copper is a reddish metal with a
face-centered cubic crystalline structure. It
reflects red and orange light and absorbs other
frequencies in the visible spectrum, due to its band
structure, so it as a nice reddish color. It is
malleable, ductile, and an extremely good conductor
of both heat and electricity. It is softer than zinc
and can be polished to a bright finish. It is found
in group Ib of the periodic table, together with
silver and gold. Copper has low chemical reactivity.
In moist air it slowly forms a greenish surface film
called patina; this coating protects the metal from
further attack. |
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Most copper compounds will settle
and be bound to either water sediment or soil
particles. Soluble copper compounds form the largest
threat to human health. Usually water-soluble copper
compounds occur in the environment after release
through application in agriculture. |
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World production of copper
amounts to 12 million tons a year and exploitable
reserves are around 300 million tons, which are
expected to last for only another 25 years. About 2
million tons a year are reclaimed by recycling.
Today copper is mined as major deposits in Chile,
Indonesia, USA, Australia and Canada, which together
account for around 80% of the world's copper. The
main ore is a yellow copper-iron sulfide called
chalcopyrite (CuFeS2). |
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Applications |
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Most copper is used for
electrical equipment (60%); construction, such as
roofing and plumbing (20%); industrial machinery,
such as heat exchangers (15%) and alloys (5%). The
main long established copper alloys are bronze,
brass (a copper-zinc alloy), copper-tin-zinc, which
was strong enough to make guns and cannons, and was
known as gun metal, copper and nickel, known as
cupronickel, which was the preferred metal for
low-denomination coins.
Copper is ideal for electrical wiring because it is
easily worked, can be drawn into fine wire and has a
high electrical conductivity. |
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Antenna Circuit Reference Ground Plane |
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In the
field of radio telecommunication a ground plane structure or
relationship exists between the antenna and another
conductive (reflective) surface which permits the antenna to function
as such (e.g., forms a reflector or director for an antenna). This sometimes
serves as the near-field reflection point or as a
reference ground in a antenna circuit.
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EMI Electromagnetic
Iinterference |
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Broadband interference typically
results from
incidental radio frequency emitters such
as electrical transmission
lines, electric motors, welders, thermostats and
even insectzappers. Applications where
electrical power is cycled
on and off
rapidly is a potential source. |
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NASA Contractors
Report |
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Design Guidelines for Shielding
Effectiveness, Current
Carrying Capability, and the Enhancement
of Conductivity of Composite Materials.
Useful information when designing a Faraday cage
(see below) |
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RFI/EMI Screen Room Shielding |
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A Faraday cage
(or shield) is an enclosure formed by
a woven wire mesh of
conducting material. Such an enclosure blocks
out external static
electric fields. Faraday cages are named after Michael Faraday,
the inventor.
External radio signals (electromagnetic
radiation) through an
antenna within a cage can be greatly attenuated or
even completely blocked by the cage itself. |
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Copper in the
environment |
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Copper
is a very common substance that occurs naturally in
the environment and spreads through the environment
through natural phenomena. Humans widely use copper.
For instance it is applied in the industries and in
agriculture. The production of copper has lifted
over the last decades. Due to this, copper
quantities in the environment have increased. |
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The world's copper production is
still rising. This basically means that more and
more copper ends up in the environment. Rivers are
depositing sludge on their banks that is
contaminated with copper, due to the disposal of
copper-containing wastewater. Copper enters the air,
mainly through release during the combustion of
fossil fuels. Copper in air will remain there for an
eminent period of time, before it settles when it
starts to rain. It will then end up mainly in soils.
As a result soils may also contain large quantities
of copper after copper from the air has settled. |
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Copper can be released into the
environment by both natural sources and human
activities. Examples of natural sources are
wind-blown dust, decaying vegetation, forest fires
and sea spray. A few examples of human activities
that contribute to copper release have already been
named. Other examples are mining, metal production,
wood production and phosphate fertilizer production.
Because copper is released both naturally and
through human activity it is very widespread in the
environment. Copper is often found near mines,
industrial settings, landfills and waste disposals. |
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The History Of Copper |
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No one knows exactly who discovered copper.
Copper is a metal which has been used by people
since prehistoric times.
Archaeological evidences suggest people who had lived between 5000 BC and
1,200 BC discovered copper. |
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Healing
Powers of Copper |
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A 2000-year history of the
antimicrobial applications of copper metals has given rise to current
efforts to determine their effectiveness in stemming infectious disease in
healthcare and other public facilities.
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Copper Contact Corrosion
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Commercially Pure Copper is often
effected by certain climatic conditions, air
pollution, weathering, corrosion, staining,
substrate, solder and sealants |
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American
Wire Gauge Chart |
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Copper AWG Chart Provides the equivalent wire
diameters (Imperial and Metric), Areas, Weights
and Resistance data. |
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[Technical
Reference
Index]
[Woven
Wire Main Index]
[Wire Mesh Products]
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Screen Technology Group, Inc |
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33008 NE Washougal River Road, Washougal
WA 98671 USA |
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| Screen Technology Group,
established in 1988 Our success was built and
continues to rely on
providing a level of customer service that is
second to none, competent technical assistance,
quality materials at competitive prices,
properly packaging all orders for safe transit, shipping promptly
according to schedule. |
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Last modified:
May 29, 2017 |
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